Back Bay Battery, Inc.
Overview
The battery industry is enormous, with worldwide revenues of approximately $45 billion. It is
highly fragmented with at least 20 manufacturers in each technology segment. Because of the wide
range of applications of batteries, companies have tended to specialize in a particular technology or
market application. Disposable batteries, such as the widely available carbon-zinc and alkaline cells,
are available in standard sizes such as AA, C, and D, and they are a fast-moving consumer-good
category with emphasis on manufacturing efficiency and scale, marketing and branding, and
distribution efficiency.
One of the earliest forms of rechargeable battery was the wet lead-acid battery, the chemistry for
which was invented in 1859. The application that drove this battery into prominence was to power a
starter motor for vehicles, but today lead-acid batteries are commonly used for uninterruptible power
supplies—in forklift trucks, golf carts, boats and submarines, and vehicles for indoor operation. They
are inexpensive, albeit heavy. A variant on the lead-acid battery is the Gel Cell, which is a sealed
lead-acid battery with a gelified electrolyte, allowing a higher degree of portability.
Smaller rechargeable batteries began as size-compatible replacements for disposable batteries and
used technologies such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-iron (Ni-Fe), nickel metal hydride (NiMH),
and lithium ion (Li-ion) and lithium polymer. As demands for portable electronic devices such as
laptop computers, music players, and cellular telephone handsets rose, makers responded with new
sizes and custom packaging to meet the unique needs of customers.
Battery Performance Criteria
Important battery performance criteria include:
! Energy Density: The amount of charge stored within a battery. A battery with a higher
energy...
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